Source and risk assessment of heavy metals and microplastics in bivalves and coastal sediments of the Northern Persian Gulf, Hormogzan Province

The objectives of the current study are to investigate concentration, biological risks, chemical speciation, and mobility heavy metals also determination their distribution, physicochemical characteristics, abundance microplastics in coastal sediments edible bivalves Persian Gulf, area Hormozgan Province. Sampling points were selected considering location industrial, urban Hara forest protected areas. In November 2017, a total 18 sediment samples from (top 0–10 cm) most consumed bivalve species region collected two stations, Lengeh Bandar Abbas Ports. average concentration (except for Ni Cd) lower than shale upper continental crust. Enrichment factors revealed significant enrichment Ni, Mn, Cr, Cd As. fractionation using Community Bureau Reference (BCR) sequential extraction scheme indicated high bioavailability Zn, As, Co. general, highest Mo, Cd, Pb, Cu, Hg, Sb was detected areas with frequent human activities including Shahid Rajaee Port, Bahonar Tavanir station. Ports important ports on coast province. Risk Assessment Code calculated elements indicates that Co, Cu pose moderate environmental risk threat aquatic biota. Health risks arising consumption safe, except As which is associated target cancer values. With reference type found, they mainly fibeours lengths ranging between 100 250 μm bivalves. Most microfibers found made polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polypropylene (PP), fibers PP.